Maryland Natives

Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor) is a moisture-loving native perennial with blue-violet flowers and upright, sword-shaped foliage. It grows well in bog gardens, rain gardens, and along pond margins in full sun. The flowers support pollinators, while the spreading rhizomes form attractive colonies in consistently moist soil. Mature plants generally reach about 30 to 36 inches tall.

At maturity, the Rattlesnake Master Eryngium produces uniquely shaped beautiful white blooms that reach up to 4 feet high! This variety prefers moist soils and sites with full sun to partial shade. The Rattlesnake Master has been used medicinally by American Indians as a diaphoretic.

Wild Geranium is native to eastern North American woods and has a long history in woodland gardens. Pink-purple spring flowers feed bees and butterflies, while the crane's-bill seed mechanism flings ripe seeds away from the parent plant. Divided leaves form low, spreading patches that shelter small woodland life. Give it sun to shade and medium to moderately dry soil.

River Oats was once listed as Uniola latifolia and is also known as Northern Sea Oats. This native of eastern North American woods and streambanks carries flat, dangling seed heads that turn gold in fall and have long been used in dried arrangements. Birds and small mammals eat the grain, and Pepper and Salt Skipper caterpillars use the grass. Give it partial shade and medium to moist soil; allow room for self-seeding.

White turtlehead produces creamy white blossoms, often brushed with pink, on sturdy upright stems. The hooded late-summer flowers add fresh color to moist woodland borders and streamside plantings. It performs best in rich soil that remains evenly moist through the growing season.

The Indiangrass is a warm-season bunchgrass that is native to central and eastern North America and provides cover and food for wildlife. This grass can reach up to seven feet tall and is a common species of the Tallgrass Prairie. The beautiful, plume-like seed heads are very ornamental making them excellent for prairie and conservation mixtures.

American Lotus is a vigorous native aquatic perennial prized for immense round leaves and fragrant cream-to-yellow summer flowers. Stems rise above calm water before producing distinctive showerhead-shaped seed pods that add lasting ornamental interest. It thrives in full sun with roots anchored in pond soil beneath shallow water and may spread widely where conditions suit it. The flowers support native pollinators, while seeds and foliage provide food and shelter for wetland wildlife. The dried flower pods making a striking beautiful bouquet!

Flat-topped Aster was formerly known as Aster umbellatus, a reminder of its changing botanical classification. Native to North American wet meadows and moist prairies, it flowers earlier than many asters with broad clusters of pale rays. Bees, wasps, flies, beetles, and butterflies visit the blooms; turkey and swamp sparrows also use the plant. Give it sun to partial shade and moist soil, with room for rhizomes.

Heath Aster (Symphyotrichum ericoides) is a distinctive North American native plant. Fine, heath-like foliage is covered with many small white flowers late in the season, supporting pollinators when fewer plants remain in bloom. It matures at approximately 24 inches tall and flowers from mid to late summer through early to mid fall. Plant it in full sun to partial shade, in dry to medium conditions, with loamy soil, sandy soil or dry soil. Space plants 18–24 inches apart for healthy growth and airflow.

Slender Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum tenuifolium) is a distinctive North American native plant. Narrow foliage gives this aromatic mountain mint an airy texture, while its white flower clusters support diverse beneficial insects. It matures at approximately 24 inches tall and flowers from late spring to early summer through early to mid summer through mid to late summer. Plant it in full sun to partial shade, in dry-medium through medium-wet conditions, with loamy soil or sandy soil. Space plants 18–24 inches apart for healthy growth and airflow.

Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense) is a distinctive North American native plant. Heart-shaped leaves form a low woodland groundcover, concealing unusual red flowers beneath the foliage in spring. It matures at approximately 6 inches tall and flowers from early to mid spring through mid to late spring. Plant it in partial to full shade, in dry-medium through medium-wet conditions, with acidic soil, loamy soil or sandy soil. Space plants 6–12 inches apart for healthy growth and airflow.

Creeping Jacob’s ladder pairs fernlike leaflets with loose clusters of sky-blue spring flowers. The compact clumps settle naturally into shaded borders, woodland gardens, and the edges of paths. Even moisture helps extend flowering and keeps the foliage fresh into summer.

Marsh marigold brightens the early garden with glossy foliage and cheerful golden flowers. It thrives in consistently moist soil beside ponds, streams, rain gardens, and other low areas. The clumping plants bring welcome color before many other perennials begin blooming.

Hairy Beardtongue (Penstemon hirsutus) is a distinctive North American native plant. Lavender tubular flowers and softly hairy stems give this adaptable beardtongue a delicate look in dry borders and open woods. It matures at approximately 18 inches tall and flowers from mid to late spring through late spring to early summer. Plant it in full sun to partial shade, in dry through medium-wet conditions, with loamy soil, sandy soil or dry soil. Space plants 12–18 inches apart for healthy growth and airflow.

The Obedient Plant Physostegia is a sun-loving flowering plant that produces pink flowers that blooms late summer and into fall! This variety spreads very fast with a large underground root system.

The Sideoats Grama is a warm-season bunchgrass grain variety that is easy to grow and native throughout much of North America. The ornamental and distinctive seed spikes hang from only one side of the stalk, and these make good fresh or dried cuttings. This grain prefers full sun and moderate to dry soils. The Sideoats Grama is recommended for meadow and prairie plantings, beds & borders, and as a component of forage mixes for livestock and wildlife.

The Big Bluestem is a warm season ornamental grass that actively grows during the summer when soil temperatures are warm but is beautiful all year round. This variety is a big plant, getting over six feet tall in most situations! In a landscape, the Big Bluestem can be used as an accent. This ornamental grass has a great fall color in the range of gold and pink.

Pink turtlehead carries rosy hooded flowers above a dense clump of deep green foliage. Its late-season display is especially useful in rain gardens, wet borders, and areas with heavy soil. The upright stems remain tidy while supporting butterflies and other visiting pollinators.

Pale Beardtongue (Penstemon pallidus) is a distinctive North American native plant. Pale tubular blooms appear above a compact base, making this beardtongue especially useful in sandy or rocky native plantings. It matures at approximately 12 inches tall and flowers from mid to late spring through late spring to early summer. Plant it in full sun to partial shade, in dry to dry-medium conditions, with sandy soil, dry soil or poor soil. Space plants 10–12 inches apart for healthy growth and airflow.

Sundial Lupine (Lupinus perennis subsp. perennis) is a distinctive North American native plant. Purple-blue flower spikes rise above palmate foliage, and its deep taproot suits sandy, nutrient-poor sites. It matures at approximately 24 inches tall and flowers from mid to late spring through late spring to early summer. Plant it in full sun to partial shade, in dry to dry-medium conditions, with sandy soil, dry soil or poor soil. Space plants 10–18 inches apart for healthy growth and airflow.

The Phlox Annual Mix is a combination of red, purple, pink and white hued blooms, making it one of the most beautiful wildflowers around! This variety only grows to 1' tall and can grow anywhere.

The Sneezeweed Helenium produces a numerous amount of beautiful, large, daisy-like yellow flowers that bloom in the late summer and early autumn! Despite its common name, this variety presents no problems for most allergy sufferers.

Vivid yellow, orange and scarlet flower clusters burst open in late spring on Flame Azalea, one of the most spectacular native shrubs of the Appalachian Mountains. Rhododendron calendulaceum is a deciduous azalea with an open, layered habit that looks right at home in woodland gardens and along shady edges. Hummingbirds and butterflies visit the flowers, and every seedling offers its own shade of flame.

After the leaves drop, the stems glow with masses of bright red berries well into winter on this native deciduous holly. Winterberry Holly (Ilex verticillata) saves its best show for that season, and it is right at home in wet or soggy spots, making it a standout for rain gardens, pond edges and low areas. Birds feast on the fruit through the cold months, and cut branches are a favorite for holiday decorating.

Autumn brings one of the season's most brilliant displays of orange, gold and red to this classic North American shade tree. Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) is also the source of real maple syrup, and mature trees can be tapped each spring for sap. It grows into a dense, rounded crown with five-lobed leaves, and being long-lived and strong-wooded, it is ideal for lawns, parks and woodlots. This northern seed source is well suited to cold winters.

Homemade syrups, jams, pies and wines all start with the dark purple berries of this fast-growing native shrub. American Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) is crowned in early summer with broad, flat clusters of creamy white flowers, which are used for cordials and teas, before heavy clusters of berries follow. It thrives in moist soil, spreads into an attractive thicket, and is a magnet for pollinators and songbirds. This northern collection is especially cold hardy.

American alum root creates a handsome mound of maple-shaped foliage for shaded beds and woodland edges. Slender stems carry airy sprays of tiny cream flowers above the leaves in late spring. Its adaptable habit works well as a textural groundcover in average, well-drained soil.

Closed Bottle gentian opens the late-summer season with clusters of deep blue, bottle-shaped flowers that remain mostly closed. Strong bumblebees push into the blossoms to reach their nectar, making the plant fascinating to watch. It prefers cool, humus-rich ground with dependable moisture and light afternoon shade.

Eastern Star Sedge was formerly called Straight-Styled Wood Sedge, a name referring to the shape of its female flower styles. This eastern North American woodland sedge forms fine green clumps with star-like fruiting heads that arch as they ripen. The foliage provides low cover for woodland insects and other small wildlife. Give it partial to full shade and soil that stays evenly moist.

Mud Plantain is an emergent native of North American pond margins, marshes, and other shallow, quiet water. Its roots were historically used as food and in traditional remedies, a record of the plant's long relationship with wetland communities. White summer flowers rise above broad leaves, and the plant provides food and cover for waterfowl, fish, and amphibians. Choose a sunny, consistently wet site or a naturalized water garden.

Tall Sunflower (Helianthus giganteus) is a distinctive North American native plant. Clusters of yellow flowers crown tall purplish stems, creating late-season color and abundant food for pollinators and birds. It matures at approximately 96 inches tall and flowers from early to mid summer through mid to late summer through early to mid fall. Plant it in full sun to partial shade, in medium to medium-wet conditions, with loamy soil, clay soil or sandy soil. Space plants 36–48 inches apart for healthy growth and airflow.